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This paper presents a survey of the physical remains of the ancient Athenian circuit wall, which are plotted here on a new map aligned with the city’s modern urban structure. Technical details of the methods and materials of construction are reviewed in order to distinguish the characteristics of the surviving stretches of walls and to assess the chronological value of these details. The author proposes likely locations for sections of the circuit wall not yet identified. Drawing on the results of the survey and on literary and epigraphical evidence, the author identifies four courses and 15 construction phases of the city wall of Athens between the early 5th century B.C. and the mid-6th century A.D.

Although Arne Furumark distinguished between early and late phases of Late Helladic IIIA2, few deposits from the former have ever been published. Presented here is a chronologically homogeneous settlement deposit of more than 10,000 sherds from Tsoungiza in the northeast Peloponnese, some from vessels probably employed in feasting. LH IIIA2 (early) painted ceramics exhibit strong connections to the preceding LH IIIA1 period, both in the large proportion of solidly painted vessels and in several common motifs, but new shapes such as the stemmed bowl and some new motifs allow a clear chronological division to be made between LH IIIA2 (early) and the contiguous periods.

A fresh examination of six inscribed fragments (Agora XIX L6 a–f ) previously attributed to the first of a series of stelai recording civic leases of sacred land in late-4th-century Athens reveals that they belong to four separate stelai, only one of which can be dated to 343/2 B.C. The publication of the leases was linked to a reorganization of sacred finances that included the amalgamation of the treasuries of Athena and the Other Gods, ca. 346/5. The new reconstruction challenges previous estimates of the extent of Athenian sacred property and the assumption that subsequent lists (Agora XIX L9–12, L14) were produced only at 10-year intervals.

This article reports on the excavation of Archaic houses (6th-early 5th century B.C.) in 2005 and 2006 at Azoria in eastern Crete. Five houses are discussed: four on the South Acropolis on the periphery of the civic center, and one on the North Acropolis. Well-preserved floor deposits provide evidence for room functions and permit a preliminary analysis of domestic space. The houses fill a lacuna in the published record of the 6th and early 5th centuries B.C. and contribute to our understanding of the form of Archaic houses in the Aegean and the integration of domestic space into an urban context.

Floral imagery plays a major role in Minoan art, and the crocus has long been recognized as an important motif. Previous studies, however, have been narrowly focused on specific materials or interpretations, thereby obscuring the richness of crocus iconography and its meanings. This article presents a detailed survey of the crocus in Aegean art from the Early Bronze Age to Mycenaean times, exploring the diversity and development of the motif across different media and reassessing possible explanations for its importance. A complex world of floral symbolism is revealed, in which the polysemic crocus functions as a key element in Minoan identity.

The harbor site of Kommos, Crete, has yielded rich evidence for long-distance exchange in the form of ceramic transport jars of types used not only for distribution within Crete and the Aegean, but also across the eastern Mediterranean. An integrated petrographic and chemical approach is here employed in order to determine the provenance of short-necked amphoras, transport stirrup jars, Egyptian jars, and Canaanite jars. The results reveal a detailed picture of local jar production within southern Crete, as well as jars that have their origins in the Nile Delta and at several specific locations along the Levantine coast.

A biographical approach to the study of material culture reveals that an object’s meaning usually varies in different episodes of its life history. This article examines the terracotta statues from the temple at Ayia Irini on Kea in three contexts of experience: (1) their initial context in the Bronze Age temple; (2) their reuse in the Iron Age phase of the temple; and (3) their “permanent” exhibition in the Archaeological Museum of Kea. Although the meaning with which the statues were imbued has varied in these contexts, they have retained the status of sacred objects.

Recent summaries and overviews of the development of ancient catapults have mistaken working hypotheses for established fact. Key areas of misunderstanding include the invention of the catapult, the development of the torsion principle, the meaning of the terms euthytone and palintone, and the possible use of sling bullets as catapult missiles. A critical reexamination of these questions, setting them within the framework of the known facts, reveals the fragility of the accepted history of the catapult, as currently presented in general handbooks.

The authors document and discuss the chipped stone assemblage collected by the Pylos Regional Archaeological Project in Messenia, Greece, during three seasons of surface investigations conducted between 1992 and 1994. The article begins with a brief description of the basic characteristics of the PRAP chipped stone assemblage. This section is followed by a discussion of the diachronic social processes that can be inferred from the patterns in the assemblage, from the Middle Palaeolithic through historical periods. The article concludes with a comparative analysis of how the distribution of chipped stone in the Messenian landscape relates to comparable evidence from survey projects elsewhere in the Aegean.

The author proposes a join between two previously unassociated inscribed blocks from Axos, Crete. These Archaic inscriptions (IC II v 5 and IC II v 6) are now lost, but published descriptions and drawings of the blocks, along with the text that results from this virtual join, strongly support their association. The new, composite text preserves part of a law or interstate agreement and appears to concern rituals attendant to war; it is examined here in the broader context of Cretan dedicatory habits and society during the Late Iron Age and the Archaic period.

The results of a small-scale program of neutron activation analysis of 69 ceramic fragments from the Minoan harbor town of Kommos are presented and critically evaluated. Prior to analysis, the vessels represented in the sample were thought to be imports from outside of Crete, manufactured either on Cyprus or in the Mycenaean cultural sphere. The chemical analyses support the identifications of the vessels as imports from the regions in question in roughly 80% of the cases. They further suggest that the vast majority of these ceramic imports were produced in a comparatively small number of production centers.

This article presents a new text and detailed examination of an inscribed Hellenistic decree from the Boiotian town of Akraiphia (SEG XXXII 450) that consists chiefly of lists of fresh- and saltwater fish accompanied by prices. The text incorporates improved readings and restores the final eight lines of the document, omitted in previous editions. The discussion covers the arrangement of the text and the sources of the lists, one of which probably originated in a customhouse in the nearby port of Anthedon, as well as the larger social and economic context of the decree, which has been generally misunderstood.

Classical Crete is still poorly understood archaeologically, although recent work on local ceramic sequences has begun to change the traditional picture of isolation and decline in the 5th century B.C. At Priniatikos Pyrgos in the Mirabello region of eastern Crete, relatively rich phases of Classical occupation provide a detailed view of local ceramic development. A large deposit of fine wares mixed with ash and bone may indicate public feasting. The evidence also casts light on the local economy, revealing connections with Gortyn, Azoria, and other Cretan cities, as well as extensive contacts overseas.

Although rural towers have long been central to the discussion of the fortified landscapes of Classical and Hellenistic Greece, the Corinthia has rarely figured in the conversation, despite the historical significance of exurban fortifications for the territory. The authors of this article report on the recent investigation by the Eastern Korinthia Archaeological Survey of two towers and associated fortifications in the region of Vayia in the southeast Corinthia. By integrating topographic study, intensive survey, and architectural analysis, they suggest that these three sites served to guard an economically productive stretch of the Corinthian countryside and to protect—or block—major maritime and land routes into the region.

In this article, the author seeks to understand the place of the demosion sema, the public cemetery of Athens, within the Athenian physical and cognitive landscape. The archaeological and literary evidence shows that the cemetery was established ca. 500 B.C., along the road from the Dipylon Gate to the Academy. This was an area with few pre-Classical burials but strong religious and civic associations. Here the nascent democracy shaped a new space for corporate self-definition by juxtaposing the public cemetery with the district further to the east, around the road leading to Hippios Kolonos, which had long been a center for aristocratic display.

As important vessels in domestic and cultic food preparation in ancient Greece, ceramic mortaria are closely intertwined with the development of culinary customs and their social setting. Examples found at Corinth show a variety of forms, particularly in the Classical period. This study presents an analysis of the morphological changes of the Corinthian examples from the Archaic through Hellenistic periods. The end of the 6th and the first half of the 5th century B.C. see the greatest developments, such as the introduction of spout, handles, and gritted interiors. The functions of mortaria are also discussed in detail, with interpretation based on the artifacts themselves, textual references, and iconographic and contextual evidence.

A group of Attic black- and red-figure vases from the late 6th and 5th centuries B.C. is decorated with scenes that prominently feature legs of meat in iconographic contexts other than sacrificial butchering. These leg joints are interpreted as honorary shares of sacrificial meat awarded to select individuals at the festivals of the polis; the honorary shares included more meat than the shares distributed to the general public. Because leg joints were awarded as honorary shares to the priests who officiated at sacrifices, they came to represent honorary shares in general. By extension, the leg joints that appear in painted scenes symbolize meritorious participation in city festivals, and thus can be viewed as expressions of civic identity.

The ancient road from Corinth to Argos via the Longopotamos pass was one of the most important and longest-used natural routes through the northeastern Peloponnese. The author proposes to identify the exact route of the road as it passed through Kleonaian territory by combining the evidence of ancient testimonia, the identification of ancient roadside features, the accounts of early travelers, and autopsy. The act of tracing the road serves to emphasize the prominent position of the city Kleonai on this interstate route, which had significant consequences both for its own history and for that of neighboring states.

Cross-cultural archaeological and ethnographic evidence for warfare in farming societies invites us to reconsider the traditional picture of the Greek Neolithic (ca. 7000–3400 B.C.) as a period of peaceful coexistence among subsistence farmers. Archaeological correlates of intercommunal conflict in the prehistoric American Southwest and the widespread evidence for warfare in Neolithic Europe suggest that warfare is also likely to have taken place in Neolithic Greece. The well-known Neolithic record for Thessaly reveals evidence for warfare in defensive structures, weapons, and settlement patterns. Competition for resources such as arable land, grazing rights, and water may have contributed to the causes of Greek Neolithic warfare.

In this article, the author reexamines the 14 known horos inscriptions from Aigina in connection with the discovery of four new horoi, published here for the first time. These additional horoi lend new support to the arguments—debated by many scholars—for the date (431–404 B.C.), occasion (Athenian occupation of Aigina during the Peloponnesian War), authorship (Athenian), and purpose (markers of agricultural estates) of the Aiginetan horoi. The article presents a fresh view of Athenian motivations for the introduction of agricultural temene dedicated to the gods on Aigina and in other conquered territories during the Athenian Empire.

Excavations in the Athenian Agora have brought to light fragments of three sculpted marble eyes, or ophthalmoi, from Classical levels in and around the Tholos precinct. The discovery of similar objects at the ancient harbor of Zea, and more recently in association with a Classical Greek ship wrecked off the Aegean coast of Turkey, makes clear that all are examples of the eyes that decorated the bows of ancient Greek ships. Three hypotheses are offered to explain the presence of nautical artifacts within the Agora: they may have served as honorific fixtures relating to the fleet; represented surplus naval equipment stored in the Strategeion; or belonged to a wheeled ship used in the Anthesteria or the Greater Panathenaia festival.

The temple of Apollo Patroos in the Athenian Agora is often dated to ca. 330 B.C. A fragment of a Thasian amphora with a stamp bearing the eponym Ποῦλυς was found in a pit closed no later than the period of the temple’s construction. This stamp dates to ca. 313 B.C. The temple must therefore have been constructed in the very late 4th or very early 3rd century. Review of the textual and other archaeological evidence related to the temple and its vicinity clarifies the physical development of this cult site from ca. 375 to ca. 300 B.C.

The rise of mass tourism in the late 19th century coincided with advances in photographic technology that made it easier for travelers to document their journeys. In the 1890s, the clergyman and scientist T. R. R. Stebbing made a photographic record of his travels in the eastern Mediterranean. Stebbing’s images reproduce a way of looking at antiquity prescribed by 19th-century guidebooks, thereby encoding a conventional Western view of antiquity. Incorporated into an academic network of slide collections, Stebbing’s images contributed to an authoritative scholarly construction of the classical world in Britain during the early 20th century.

The so-called lekythos of Xenophantos presents an image unparalleled in Greek vase painting. In a scene that belongs fully to neither the world of reality nor that of myth, Persians hunt griffins, among other prey. The author offers a new reading of the scene as a fictionalized account of Persian conquest, in which the borders of the empire have reached the edges of the earth, the eschata. Such a scenario has parallels in Herodotos’s stories of the Persians’ (inappropriate) territorial aspirations; in these accounts, as Persians seek to expand their power beyond its natural limits, they are met with failure and punishment.

The authors report in this article on the excavation and skeletal analyses of 81 graves containing the remains of 133 individuals in a 17th-century cemetery in the Panayia Field at Ancient Corinth. Two distinct styles of burial reflect Orthodox Christian and Muslim traditions. Osteological analyses revealed a preponderance of adult males over females; more young and middle-aged males and fewer small children than might be expected; and numerous instances of physical violence, including two obvious cases of punishment. The presence of iron boot-heel reinforcement cleats and the mixing of Christian and Muslim burial practices suggest that the cemetery may have served a garrison population in Corinth under Ottoman rule during the early 17th century.

Surface and geophysical surveys at Plataiai elucidate the development of the settlement through nearly five millennia. Pottery distribution patterns show that the site was first occupied in the Neolithic and continued in use through the Bronze Age, with a possible hiatus during the Dark Age. The settlement recovered in Archaic and Early Classical times, expanded during the 4th century B.C., and underwent further development in Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Early Modern times. Geophysical survey has located a previously unknown section of the town’s largest fortification circuit and a probable gateway. Results allow a detailed reconstruction of the city grid and the internal structures of some of the blocks surveyed.

Excavations in 1999 at the Panayia Domus at Corinth uncovered nine statuettes representing Artemis (twice), Asklepios (twice), Roma, Dionysos, Herakles, Europa/Sosandra, and Pan, the contents of a probable domestic shrine in a small, plain room. The statuettes range in date from the late 1st to the mid-3rd or early 4th century A.D. Four are late products of Attic sarcophagus workshops. The figure of Roma is a unique domestic example of this divinity and may refer to a local monument and to the status of the owner. Other statuettes are typical of domestic assemblages in Late Roman Greece.

The author examines the ritual uses of tripod cauldrons in Boiotian public contexts, synthesizing material, epigraphic, and literary evidence. Dedications of tripods by individuals were expressions of prominent social status. Communal dedications made in the distinctively Boiotian rite of the tripodephoria were symbolic actualizations of power relations between the dominant center and its periphery. Remains of two suntagmata of tripods at the sanctuary of the hero Ptoios at Kastraki, near Akraiphia, provide evidence for the physical ambience of the sanctuary, the form of the tripods, and the collective rites associated with the dedications.

Five items of silver plate from tomb II at Vergina are inscribed with their ancient weights. The inscriptions, using the acrophonic and alphabetic systems, suggest that the pieces were made to a drachma weight of ca. 4.2 g. This weight of drachma was introduced to Macedonia by Alexander the Great and does not appear to have been used by Philip II. The inscriptions on the silver add to the cumulative evidence provided by the cremated remains, black-gloss saltcellars, and iconography of the lion-hunt frieze that tomb II was the final resting place not of Philip II, but of Philip III Arrhidaios and Adea Eurydike.

A small-scale excavation in the area of Vasilitsi, southern Messenia, revealed the remnants of a previously unrecorded 13th-century triple-aisled cross-vaulted church with a series of burials along its north wall. In addition to ceramics and a marble basin, a small hoard of Venetian torneselli was found. The author discusses the church’s period of use and details of its architecture and construction, as well as the identity of its builders and the settlement pattern of this largely unknown area. Parallels from published histories, surface surveys, and excavations from other regions of medieval Messenia and Greece are discussed. An osteological report on the burials is presented as an appendix.

Iron Age settlements in the northeast Aegean are usually attributed to Aiolian colonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This article reviews the literary accounts of the migration and presents the relevant archaeological evidence, with a focus on new material from Troy. No one area played a dominant role in colonizing Aiolis, nor is such a widespread colonization supported by the archaeological record. But the aggressive promotion of migration accounts after the Persian Wars proved mutually beneficial to both sides of the Aegean and justified the composition of the Delian League.

The end of cult activity in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth has previously been dated to the third or fourth quarter of the 4th century. Because some scholars have suggested that the latest lamps from the sanctuary date to ca. 425 or 450, the author reexamined the context pottery in search of 5th-century material. This article supplements the catalogue in Corinth XVIII.2, reviews the coins and fine wares on which the dates were based, and reconsiders the amphoras, coarse wares, and lamps. The new material is largely datable to the late 5th and 6th centuries and seems to be associated with robbing trenches or the late cemetery rather than with the pagan cult.

In 2002 and 2003 the 4th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the Nemea Valley Archaeological Project (NVAP) excavated a robbed Late Helladic (LH) IIIA2 chamber tomb at Barnavos, west of the village of Ancient Nemea. Through application of a novel method of stratigraphic analysis and careful documentation of the scattered remains, it was ascertained that the tomb was opened as many as six times for four or five interments, including a child and probably both male and female adults. No other tomb was found in the vicinity. This is the first Mycenaean tomb discovered in the valley, and it belongs to the settlement at Tsoungiza.

Presented here is the editio princeps of a new fragment of the late-5th-century B.C. Athenian calendar of sacrifices. The fragment, Agora I 7577, was discovered during excavations conducted in the Athenian Agora by the American School of Classical Studies. Inscribed on both faces (Face A: 403-399 B.C., Face B: 410-404 B.C.), it is associated with, but does not join, the group of fragments of Athenian legal inscriptions often referred to as the Law Code of Nikomachos. The text provides important additional evidence for the form of the calendar and the manner of its publication, and casts new light on broader issues of Athenian cult and topography.

Focusing on Classical red-figure vases, the author argues that the appearance of the beautiful Medusa, which has been explained previously as an evolutionary development from the monstrous Archaic type, is determined by discursive context rather than by chronology. Painters used the beautiful Gorgon to convey certain messages about Perseus’s victory, though it is not always clear whether she is meant to evoke humor or pathos. The author further shows that Medusa’s death was figured as a perversion of the erotic abductions common to many Greek myths, and points out the beautiful Gorgon’s affinities with abducted maidens such as Persephone, Thetis, and Helen.

This study of a Classical Attic votive relief found at Mondragone in northern Campania reaffirms the traditional interpretation of the deities depicted on it as members of the Eleusinian cult circle. Drawing on contemporary Eleusinian vase painting, the author argues that the relief depicts episodes from the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. The figure of Dionysos, leaning on the throne of Hades, indicates that this Attic relief was dedicated in a local or domestic sanctuary in Campania by Eleusinian initiates who may also have participated in the Dionysiac-Orphic Mysteries. Thus, the relief is a crucial piece of evidence for the diffusion of the Eleusinian cult abroad.

Two styles of cooking pot were used sequentially at Corinth from the 12th to the 14th century A.D., a time during which Frankish crusaders occupied the Byzantine city. Utilizing thin-section petrography, the author investigates possible differences in the provenance and production technology of the two forms of cooking ware. The Byzantine form was made in many fabrics while the Frankish form, introduced some 50 years after the Frankish incursion, was limited largely to one fabric. The fabrics are all consistent with the local geology, suggesting that both forms were produced locally and that the observed differences are the result of changes in the procurement and/or production of the vessels over time.

Edward Capps understood the need for a periodical such as Hesperia and promoted its establishment as part of an overall program of reform that he introduced early in his tenure as chairman of the Managing Committee of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1918-1939). Since its first appearance in 1932, the journal has succeeded where previous efforts at creating a periodical for the American School failed. In this essay, the author discusses the motivating forces that between 1927 and 1932 prompted the creation of Hesperia, and considers several of the longer-term consequences of its editorial policies for the research program and intellectual life of the School.

The main scene on an Attic red-figure bell krater in Gela by the Dinos Painter has been variously interpreted. Some identify the scene as the Argonauts’ arrival at Kolchis, others as the departure of Theseus for Crete. Most recently, Alan Shapiro has interpreted it as Theseus’s departure from Crete. A new analysis of all the elements of the picture suggests instead that it shows the Argonauts’ departure from Kolchis. If this interpretation is correct, the vase constitutes the first known depiction of this scene as well as the first representation in ancient art of Apsyrtos and his stepmother, Idyia.

A marble portrait found in 2002 near the City Eleusinion, just outside the Athenian Agora, depicts the head of a man wearing a crown adorned with eight small busts. The busts appear to be imperial portraits representing male members of the Antonine and Severan dynasties, the latest of which is probably Caracalla, during whose reign the portrait was presumably carved. The face and beard, but not the crown or hair, show signs of having been later reworked. The portrait may represent a delegate to the Panhellenion, an institution closely associated with Eleusis. Possibly an archon or an agonothetes of the Panhellenia, he may have been honored for his service with a statue in Athens.

This article constitutes the first of two reports on fieldwork conducted at Azoria in eastern Crete during the 2003 and 2004 excavation seasons. The focus of excavation was on the South Acropolis, where buildings of Archaic date (7th-early 5th century B.C.) suggesting public or civic functions have come to light. The complex includes a possible andreion on the west slope, a cult building on the terrace south of the peak, and storerooms and kitchens associated with a monumental public building on the southwest terrace. A 3rd-century B.C. dump on the southeast slope provides important information about the limited reoccupation of the site in the Hellenistic period.

Two inscriptions discovered in the Agora Excavations contribute new information about Athenian political history: Athenian interactions with Rhodes in the late 3rd or early 2nd century B.C., and prytany members during the late 2nd century A.D. A state decree, I 7571 names an Athenian proxenos to Rhodes at a time of particularly intense diplomatic activity. The content of I 7579, a prytany document, advances our knowledge of Eleusinian officials and Athenian state practices around a.d. 191/2. In addition, the tribal affiliation proposed for a secretary named in this inscription supports the applicability of Ferguson’s Law to this period.

Site-based study tours have been integral to the teaching of Greek archaeology at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA) since it was founded in 1881, and at other American institutions of higher education as well. The authors present the diary of one such tour taken in 1883 by Harold North Fowler, a member of the first class of students at the ASCSA. Fowler’s diary demonstrates the importance of travel in the training of archaeologists and is of further interest because of the immediacy of the personal impressions recorded by a student of Greek archaeology toward the end of the 19th century.

This article constitutes the second of two reports on fieldwork conducted at Azoria in eastern Crete during the 2003 and 2004 excavation seasons. Evidence of Final Neolithic and Early Iron Age occupation and traces of Late Prepalatial activity were found underlying the Archaic civic buildings on the South Acropolis, particularly along the southwest terrace. The recovery of substantial Final Neolithic architectural and habitation remains contributes to our understanding of the 4th millennium in eastern Crete. Stratigraphic excavations have also clarified the spatial extent of the settlement from Late Minoan IIIC to the Late Geometric period, and brought to light evidence for the transition from the Early Iron Age to the Archaic period, and the transformation of the site in the 7th century B.C.

An oath on a 4th-century B.C. stele from Acharnai has previously been identified as the Oath of Plataia, the oath taken by the Greeks before they fought the Persians at Plataia in 479. In this article the author identifies it as the Oath of Marathon, rather than as the Oath of Plataia, and suggests that Lykourgos’s reference (1.80) to “the oath that was traditional among you [Athenians]” is to this Oath of Marathon.

Heinrich Schliemann’s heirs deposited most of his personal papers in the Gennadius Library of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens in 1936, but retained control over them until the School purchased them in 1962. For 27 years, the heirs granted sole authorization to exploit the papers to Ernst Meyer, who published only limited excerpts, obstructed the access of other researchers, and borrowed several volumes that were never returned. The author explores the troubled history of the Heinrich Schliemann Papers since the archaeologist’s death in 1890 and examines the ways in which recent improvements in cataloguing and access are facilitating new research on Schliemann’s life and career in their historical context.

An examination of the lizard in the imagery of Archaic Greek vase painting suggests that it was a figure of power and portent and often an omen of disaster. It is argued that the lizard should be ranked among such uncanny beasts as Gorgons, sphinxes, and at least one monumental feline from the Archaic Athenian Acropolis.

The author proposes that the Athenian Prytaneion, one of the city’s most important civic buildings, was located in the peristyle complex beneath Agia Aikaterini Square, near the ancient Street of the Tripods and the Monument of Lysikrates in the modern Plaka. This thesis, which is consistent with Pausanias’s topographical account of ancient Athens, is supported by archaeological and epigraphical evidence. The identification of the Prytaneion at the eastern foot of the Acropolis helps to reconstruct the map of Archaic and Classical Athens and illuminates the testimony of Herodotos and Thucydides.

In this article the author reconsiders the transition from Late Helladic IIIB to Late Helladic IIIC on the Greek mainland and proposes an alternative ceramic phasing based on quantitative changes in chronologically sensitive indicators. The later part of LH IIIB (traditional LH IIIB2) is divided into LH IIIB2 Early and LH IIIB2 Late. These phases are followed by an initial stage of LH IIIC, preferably termed “LH IIIC Phase 1,” as suggested by Rutter in 1977, rather than “Transitional LH IIIB2-LH IIIC Early,” as recently proposed by Mountjoy.

This study presents the archaeological evidence for chairs, beds, and tables from excavated domestic and funerary contexts in Greece dating from the 4th to the 1st century B.C. The author’s principal aim is to present and analyze the evidence for domestic furniture in its primary location, and to discuss issues related to the organization of interior space. Because tombs often preserve furniture and furnishings in good condition, the evidence they provide is carefully examined as well. Methodological issues concerning the limitations of textual and iconographic evidence and the state of publication of so-called minor objects are also addressed.